Institutional Messaging and the Complication of Informed Consent

Introduction The refusal of blood transfusions by Jehovah’s Witnesses is widely recognized within medical ethics as an expression of religious conscience and patient autonomy. However, when clinicians are evaluating Jehovah’s Witness informed consent, the...

Historical Precedents in Medical Refusal: The Watchtower Vaccination Ban Unveiled (1921–1952)

Golden Age March 30, 1930 p.409 Between 1921 and 1952, the Watch Tower Society taught that vaccination was inconsistent with biblical principles and strongly discouraged its members from receiving vaccines. During this same period, the organization introduced its...
The 2026 Autologous Pivot: Progress, Accountability, and the Future of Blood Policy

The 2026 Autologous Pivot: Progress, Accountability, and the Future of Blood Policy

On March 20, 2026, the Governing Body of Jehovah’s Witnesses announced a significant revision to its long-standing medical guidance concerning blood. In Governing Body Update #2 (2026), delivered by Gerrit Lösch, the organization reclassified preoperative...